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choelzl
2022-04-07 18:46:57 +02:00
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commit 15e7120d6d
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// tinyformat.h
// Copyright (C) 2011, Chris Foster [chris42f (at) gmail (d0t) com]
//
// Boost Software License - Version 1.0
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
// obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
// this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
// execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
// Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
// do so, all subject to the following:
//
// The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
// the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
// must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
// all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
// works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
// a source language processor.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
// SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tinyformat: A minimal type safe printf replacement
//
// tinyformat.h is a type safe printf replacement library in a single C++
// header file. Design goals include:
//
// * Type safety and extensibility for user defined types.
// * C99 printf() compatibility, to the extent possible using std::ostream
// * Simplicity and minimalism. A single header file to include and distribute
// with your projects.
// * Augment rather than replace the standard stream formatting mechanism
// * C++98 support, with optional C++11 niceties
//
//
// Main interface example usage
// ----------------------------
//
// To print a date to std::cout:
//
// std::string weekday = "Wednesday";
// const char* month = "July";
// size_t day = 27;
// long hour = 14;
// int min = 44;
//
// tfm::printf("%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n", weekday, month, day, hour, min);
//
// The strange types here emphasize the type safety of the interface; it is
// possible to print a std::string using the "%s" conversion, and a
// size_t using the "%d" conversion. A similar result could be achieved
// using either of the tfm::format() functions. One prints on a user provided
// stream:
//
// tfm::format(std::cerr, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n",
// weekday, month, day, hour, min);
//
// The other returns a std::string:
//
// std::string date = tfm::format("%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n",
// weekday, month, day, hour, min);
// std::cout << date;
//
// These are the three primary interface functions. There is also a
// convenience function printfln() which appends a newline to the usual result
// of printf() for super simple logging.
//
//
// User defined format functions
// -----------------------------
//
// Sometimes it's useful to be able to pass a list of format arguments through
// to a non-template function. The FormatList class is provided as a way to do
// this by storing the argument list in a type-opaque way. Continuing the
// example from above, we construct a FormatList using makeFormatList():
//
// FormatListRef formatList = tfm::makeFormatList(weekday, month, day, hour, min);
//
// The format list can now be passed into any non-template function and used
// via a call to the vformat() function:
//
// tfm::vformat(std::cout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n", formatList);
//
//
// Additional API information
// --------------------------
//
// Error handling: Define TINYFORMAT_ERROR to customize the error handling for
// format strings which are unsupported or have the wrong number of format
// specifiers (calls assert() by default).
//
// User defined types: Uses operator<< for user defined types by default.
// Overload formatValue() for more control.
#ifndef TINYFORMAT_H_INCLUDED
#define TINYFORMAT_H_INCLUDED
namespace tinyformat {}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Config section. Customize to your liking!
// Namespace alias to encourage brevity
namespace tfm = tinyformat;
// Error handling; calls assert() by default.
// #define TINYFORMAT_ERROR(reasonString) your_error_handler(reasonString)
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation details.
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#ifndef TINYFORMAT_ERROR
# define TINYFORMAT_ERROR(reason) assert(0 && reason)
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
// Workaround OSX linker warning: xcode uses different default symbol
// visibilities for static libs vs executables (see issue #25)
# define TINYFORMAT_HIDDEN __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
#else
# define TINYFORMAT_HIDDEN
#endif
#if defined(__clang__)
# define TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]];
#elif defined(__GNUG__) && __GNUC__ >= 7
# define TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__ ((fallthrough));
#else
# define TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH
#endif
namespace tinyformat {
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace detail {
// Test whether type T1 is convertible to type T2
template <typename T1, typename T2>
struct is_convertible
{
private:
// two types of different size
struct fail { char dummy[2]; };
struct succeed { char dummy; };
// Try to convert a T1 to a T2 by plugging into tryConvert
static fail tryConvert(...);
static succeed tryConvert(const T2&);
static const T1& makeT1();
public:
# ifdef _MSC_VER
// Disable spurious loss of precision warnings in tryConvert(makeT1())
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4244)
# pragma warning(disable:4267)
# endif
// Standard trick: the (...) version of tryConvert will be chosen from
// the overload set only if the version taking a T2 doesn't match.
// Then we compare the sizes of the return types to check which
// function matched. Very neat, in a disgusting kind of way :)
static const bool value =
sizeof(tryConvert(makeT1())) == sizeof(succeed);
# ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
# endif
};
// Detect when a type is not a wchar_t string
template<typename T> struct is_wchar { typedef int tinyformat_wchar_is_not_supported; };
template<> struct is_wchar<wchar_t*> {};
template<> struct is_wchar<const wchar_t*> {};
template<int n> struct is_wchar<const wchar_t[n]> {};
template<int n> struct is_wchar<wchar_t[n]> {};
// Format the value by casting to type fmtT. This default implementation
// should never be called.
template<typename T, typename fmtT, bool convertible = is_convertible<T, fmtT>::value>
struct formatValueAsType
{
static void invoke(std::ostream& /*out*/, const T& /*value*/) { assert(0); }
};
// Specialized version for types that can actually be converted to fmtT, as
// indicated by the "convertible" template parameter.
template<typename T, typename fmtT>
struct formatValueAsType<T,fmtT,true>
{
static void invoke(std::ostream& out, const T& value)
{ out << static_cast<fmtT>(value); }
};
// Convert an arbitrary type to integer. The version with convertible=false
// throws an error.
template<typename T, bool convertible = is_convertible<T,int>::value>
struct convertToInt
{
static int invoke(const T& /*value*/)
{
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Cannot convert from argument type to "
"integer for use as variable width or precision");
return 0;
}
};
// Specialization for convertToInt when conversion is possible
template<typename T>
struct convertToInt<T,true>
{
static int invoke(const T& value) { return static_cast<int>(value); }
};
// Format at most ntrunc characters to the given stream.
template<typename T>
inline void formatTruncated(std::ostream& out, const T& value, int ntrunc)
{
std::ostringstream tmp;
tmp << value;
std::string result = tmp.str();
out.write(result.c_str(), (std::min)(ntrunc, static_cast<int>(result.size())));
}
#define TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMAT_TRUNCATED_CSTR(type) \
inline void formatTruncated(std::ostream& out, type* value, int ntrunc) \
{ \
std::streamsize len = 0; \
while(len < ntrunc && value[len] != 0) \
++len; \
out.write(value, len); \
}
// Overload for const char* and char*. Could overload for signed & unsigned
// char too, but these are technically unneeded for printf compatibility.
TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMAT_TRUNCATED_CSTR(const char)
TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMAT_TRUNCATED_CSTR(char)
#undef TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMAT_TRUNCATED_CSTR
} // namespace detail
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Variable formatting functions. May be overridden for user-defined types if
// desired.
/// Format a value into a stream, delegating to operator<< by default.
///
/// Users may override this for their own types. When this function is called,
/// the stream flags will have been modified according to the format string.
/// The format specification is provided in the range [fmtBegin, fmtEnd). For
/// truncating conversions, ntrunc is set to the desired maximum number of
/// characters, for example "%.7s" calls formatValue with ntrunc = 7.
///
/// By default, formatValue() uses the usual stream insertion operator
/// operator<< to format the type T, with special cases for the %c and %p
/// conversions.
template<typename T>
inline void formatValue(std::ostream& out, const char* /*fmtBegin*/,
const char* fmtEnd, int ntrunc, const T& value)
{
#ifndef TINYFORMAT_ALLOW_WCHAR_STRINGS
// Since we don't support printing of wchar_t using "%ls", make it fail at
// compile time in preference to printing as a void* at runtime.
typedef typename detail::is_wchar<T>::tinyformat_wchar_is_not_supported DummyType;
(void) DummyType(); // avoid unused type warning with gcc-4.8
#endif
// The mess here is to support the %c and %p conversions: if these
// conversions are active we try to convert the type to a char or const
// void* respectively and format that instead of the value itself. For the
// %p conversion it's important to avoid dereferencing the pointer, which
// could otherwise lead to a crash when printing a dangling (const char*).
bool canConvertToChar = detail::is_convertible<T,char>::value;
bool canConvertToVoidPtr = detail::is_convertible<T, const void*>::value;
if(canConvertToChar && *(fmtEnd-1) == 'c')
detail::formatValueAsType<T, char>::invoke(out, value);
else if(canConvertToVoidPtr && *(fmtEnd-1) == 'p')
detail::formatValueAsType<T, const void*>::invoke(out, value);
else if(ntrunc >= 0)
{
// Take care not to overread C strings in truncating conversions like
// "%.4s" where at most 4 characters may be read.
detail::formatTruncated(out, value, ntrunc);
}
else
out << value;
}
// Overloaded version for char types to support printing as an integer
#define TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMATVALUE_CHAR(charType) \
inline void formatValue(std::ostream& out, const char* /*fmtBegin*/, \
const char* fmtEnd, int /**/, charType value) \
{ \
switch(*(fmtEnd-1)) \
{ \
case 'u': case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'X': case 'x': \
out << static_cast<int>(value); break; \
default: \
out << value; break; \
} \
}
// per 3.9.1: char, signed char and unsigned char are all distinct types
TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMATVALUE_CHAR(char)
TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMATVALUE_CHAR(signed char)
TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMATVALUE_CHAR(unsigned char)
#undef TINYFORMAT_DEFINE_FORMATVALUE_CHAR
namespace detail {
// Type-opaque holder for an argument to format(), with associated actions on
// the type held as explicit function pointers. This allows FormatArg's for
// each argument to be allocated as a homogenous array inside FormatList
// whereas a naive implementation based on inheritance does not.
class FormatArg
{
public:
FormatArg() {}
template<typename T>
FormatArg(const T& value)
: m_value(static_cast<const void*>(&value)),
m_formatImpl(&formatImpl<T>),
m_toIntImpl(&toIntImpl<T>)
{ }
void format(std::ostream& out, const char* fmtBegin,
const char* fmtEnd, int ntrunc) const
{
m_formatImpl(out, fmtBegin, fmtEnd, ntrunc, m_value);
}
int toInt() const
{
return m_toIntImpl(m_value);
}
private:
template<typename T>
TINYFORMAT_HIDDEN static void formatImpl(std::ostream& out, const char* fmtBegin,
const char* fmtEnd, int ntrunc, const void* value)
{
formatValue(out, fmtBegin, fmtEnd, ntrunc, *static_cast<const T*>(value));
}
template<typename T>
TINYFORMAT_HIDDEN static int toIntImpl(const void* value)
{
return convertToInt<T>::invoke(*static_cast<const T*>(value));
}
const void* m_value;
void (*m_formatImpl)(std::ostream& out, const char* fmtBegin,
const char* fmtEnd, int ntrunc, const void* value);
int (*m_toIntImpl)(const void* value);
};
// Parse and return an integer from the string c, as atoi()
// On return, c is set to one past the end of the integer.
inline int parseIntAndAdvance(const char*& c)
{
int i = 0;
for(;*c >= '0' && *c <= '9'; ++c)
i = 10*i + (*c - '0');
return i;
}
// Print literal part of format string and return next format spec
// position.
//
// Skips over any occurrences of '%%', printing a literal '%' to the
// output. The position of the first % character of the next
// nontrivial format spec is returned, or the end of string.
inline const char* printFormatStringLiteral(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt)
{
const char* c = fmt;
for(;; ++c)
{
switch(*c)
{
case '\0':
out.write(fmt, c - fmt);
return c;
case '%':
out.write(fmt, c - fmt);
if(*(c+1) != '%')
return c;
// for "%%", tack trailing % onto next literal section.
fmt = ++c;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
// Parse a format string and set the stream state accordingly.
//
// The format mini-language recognized here is meant to be the one from C99,
// with the form "%[flags][width][.precision][length]type".
//
// Formatting options which can't be natively represented using the ostream
// state are returned in spacePadPositive (for space padded positive numbers)
// and ntrunc (for truncating conversions). argIndex is incremented if
// necessary to pull out variable width and precision . The function returns a
// pointer to the character after the end of the current format spec.
inline const char* streamStateFromFormat(std::ostream& out, bool& spacePadPositive,
int& ntrunc, const char* fmtStart,
const detail::FormatArg* formatters,
int& argIndex, int numFormatters)
{
if(*fmtStart != '%')
{
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Not enough conversion specifiers in format string");
return fmtStart;
}
// Reset stream state to defaults.
out.width(0);
out.precision(6);
out.fill(' ');
// Reset most flags; ignore irrelevant unitbuf & skipws.
out.unsetf(std::ios::adjustfield | std::ios::basefield |
std::ios::floatfield | std::ios::showbase | std::ios::boolalpha |
std::ios::showpoint | std::ios::showpos | std::ios::uppercase);
bool precisionSet = false;
bool widthSet = false;
int widthExtra = 0;
const char* c = fmtStart + 1;
// 1) Parse flags
for(;; ++c)
{
switch(*c)
{
case '#':
out.setf(std::ios::showpoint | std::ios::showbase);
continue;
case '0':
// overridden by left alignment ('-' flag)
if(!(out.flags() & std::ios::left))
{
// Use internal padding so that numeric values are
// formatted correctly, eg -00010 rather than 000-10
out.fill('0');
out.setf(std::ios::internal, std::ios::adjustfield);
}
continue;
case '-':
out.fill(' ');
out.setf(std::ios::left, std::ios::adjustfield);
continue;
case ' ':
// overridden by show positive sign, '+' flag.
if(!(out.flags() & std::ios::showpos))
spacePadPositive = true;
continue;
case '+':
out.setf(std::ios::showpos);
spacePadPositive = false;
widthExtra = 1;
continue;
default:
break;
}
break;
}
// 2) Parse width
if(*c >= '0' && *c <= '9')
{
widthSet = true;
out.width(parseIntAndAdvance(c));
}
if(*c == '*')
{
widthSet = true;
int width = 0;
if(argIndex < numFormatters)
width = formatters[argIndex++].toInt();
else
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Not enough arguments to read variable width");
if(width < 0)
{
// negative widths correspond to '-' flag set
out.fill(' ');
out.setf(std::ios::left, std::ios::adjustfield);
width = -width;
}
out.width(width);
++c;
}
// 3) Parse precision
if(*c == '.')
{
++c;
int precision = 0;
if(*c == '*')
{
++c;
if(argIndex < numFormatters)
precision = formatters[argIndex++].toInt();
else
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Not enough arguments to read variable precision");
}
else
{
if(*c >= '0' && *c <= '9')
precision = parseIntAndAdvance(c);
else if(*c == '-') // negative precisions ignored, treated as zero.
parseIntAndAdvance(++c);
}
out.precision(precision);
precisionSet = true;
}
// 4) Ignore any C99 length modifier
while(*c == 'l' || *c == 'h' || *c == 'L' ||
*c == 'j' || *c == 'z' || *c == 't')
++c;
// 5) We're up to the conversion specifier character.
// Set stream flags based on conversion specifier (thanks to the
// boost::format class for forging the way here).
bool intConversion = false;
switch(*c)
{
case 'u': case 'd': case 'i':
out.setf(std::ios::dec, std::ios::basefield);
intConversion = true;
break;
case 'o':
out.setf(std::ios::oct, std::ios::basefield);
intConversion = true;
break;
case 'X':
out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH
case 'x': case 'p':
out.setf(std::ios::hex, std::ios::basefield);
intConversion = true;
break;
case 'E':
out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH
case 'e':
out.setf(std::ios::scientific, std::ios::floatfield);
out.setf(std::ios::dec, std::ios::basefield);
break;
case 'F':
out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH
case 'f':
out.setf(std::ios::fixed, std::ios::floatfield);
break;
case 'G':
out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
TINYFORMAT_FALLTHROUGH
case 'g':
out.setf(std::ios::dec, std::ios::basefield);
// As in boost::format, let stream decide float format.
out.flags(out.flags() & ~std::ios::floatfield);
break;
case 'a': case 'A':
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: the %a and %A conversion specs "
"are not supported");
break;
case 'c':
// Handled as special case inside formatValue()
break;
case 's':
if(precisionSet)
ntrunc = static_cast<int>(out.precision());
// Make %s print booleans as "true" and "false"
out.setf(std::ios::boolalpha);
break;
case 'n':
// Not supported - will cause problems!
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: %n conversion spec not supported");
break;
case '\0':
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Conversion spec incorrectly "
"terminated by end of string");
return c;
default:
break;
}
if(intConversion && precisionSet && !widthSet)
{
// "precision" for integers gives the minimum number of digits (to be
// padded with zeros on the left). This isn't really supported by the
// iostreams, but we can approximately simulate it with the width if
// the width isn't otherwise used.
out.width(out.precision() + widthExtra);
out.setf(std::ios::internal, std::ios::adjustfield);
out.fill('0');
}
return c+1;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inline void formatImpl(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt,
const detail::FormatArg* formatters,
int numFormatters)
{
// Saved stream state
std::streamsize origWidth = out.width();
std::streamsize origPrecision = out.precision();
std::ios::fmtflags origFlags = out.flags();
char origFill = out.fill();
for (int argIndex = 0; argIndex < numFormatters; ++argIndex)
{
// Parse the format string
fmt = printFormatStringLiteral(out, fmt);
bool spacePadPositive = false;
int ntrunc = -1;
const char* fmtEnd = streamStateFromFormat(out, spacePadPositive, ntrunc, fmt,
formatters, argIndex, numFormatters);
if (argIndex >= numFormatters)
{
// Check args remain after reading any variable width/precision
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Not enough format arguments");
return;
}
const FormatArg& arg = formatters[argIndex];
// Format the arg into the stream.
if(!spacePadPositive)
arg.format(out, fmt, fmtEnd, ntrunc);
else
{
// The following is a special case with no direct correspondence
// between stream formatting and the printf() behaviour. Simulate
// it crudely by formatting into a temporary string stream and
// munging the resulting string.
std::ostringstream tmpStream;
tmpStream.copyfmt(out);
tmpStream.setf(std::ios::showpos);
arg.format(tmpStream, fmt, fmtEnd, ntrunc);
std::string result = tmpStream.str(); // allocates... yuck.
for(size_t i = 0, iend = result.size(); i < iend; ++i)
if(result[i] == '+') result[i] = ' ';
out << result;
}
fmt = fmtEnd;
}
// Print remaining part of format string.
fmt = printFormatStringLiteral(out, fmt);
if(*fmt != '\0')
TINYFORMAT_ERROR("tinyformat: Too many conversion specifiers in format string");
// Restore stream state
out.width(origWidth);
out.precision(origPrecision);
out.flags(origFlags);
out.fill(origFill);
}
} // namespace detail
/// List of template arguments format(), held in a type-opaque way.
///
/// A const reference to FormatList (typedef'd as FormatListRef) may be
/// conveniently used to pass arguments to non-template functions: All type
/// information has been stripped from the arguments, leaving just enough of a
/// common interface to perform formatting as required.
class FormatList
{
public:
FormatList(detail::FormatArg* formatters, int N)
: m_formatters(formatters), m_N(N) { }
friend void vformat(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt,
const FormatList& list);
private:
const detail::FormatArg* m_formatters;
int m_N;
};
/// Reference to type-opaque format list for passing to vformat()
typedef const FormatList& FormatListRef;
namespace detail {
// Format list subclass with fixed storage to avoid dynamic allocation
template<int N>
class FormatListN : public FormatList
{
public:
template<typename... Args>
FormatListN(const Args&... args)
: FormatList(&m_formatterStore[0], N),
m_formatterStore { FormatArg(args)... }
{ static_assert(sizeof...(args) == N, "Number of args must be N"); }
private:
FormatArg m_formatterStore[N];
};
// Special 0-arg version - MSVC says zero-sized C array in struct is nonstandard
template<> class FormatListN<0> : public FormatList
{
public: FormatListN() : FormatList(0, 0) {}
};
} // namespace detail
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Primary API functions
/// Make type-agnostic format list from list of template arguments.
///
/// The exact return type of this function is an implementation detail and
/// shouldn't be relied upon. Instead it should be stored as a FormatListRef:
///
/// FormatListRef formatList = makeFormatList( /*...*/ );
template<typename... Args>
detail::FormatListN<sizeof...(Args)> makeFormatList(const Args&... args)
{
return detail::FormatListN<sizeof...(args)>(args...);
}
/// Format list of arguments to the stream according to the given format string.
///
/// The name vformat() is chosen for the semantic similarity to vprintf(): the
/// list of format arguments is held in a single function argument.
inline void vformat(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt, FormatListRef list)
{
detail::formatImpl(out, fmt, list.m_formatters, list.m_N);
}
/// Format list of arguments to the stream according to given format string.
template<typename... Args>
void format(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt, const Args&... args)
{
vformat(out, fmt, makeFormatList(args...));
}
/// Format list of arguments according to the given format string and return
/// the result as a string.
template<typename... Args>
std::string format(const char* fmt, const Args&... args)
{
std::ostringstream oss;
format(oss, fmt, args...);
return oss.str();
}
/// Format list of arguments to std::cout, according to the given format string
template<typename... Args>
void printf(const char* fmt, const Args&... args)
{
format(std::cout, fmt, args...);
}
template<typename... Args>
void printfln(const char* fmt, const Args&... args)
{
format(std::cout, fmt, args...);
std::cout << '\n';
}
} // namespace tinyformat
#endif // TINYFORMAT_H_INCLUDED