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cs440-acg/ext/tbb/examples/parallel_do/index.html
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cs440-acg/ext/tbb/examples/parallel_do/index.html
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<title>Intel® Threading Building Blocks. Samples on parallel_do algorithm</title>
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</head>
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9Or1LzUmVVz+HJXDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC">
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||||
<h1 class="title">Intel® Threading Building Blocks.<br>Samples on <code>parallel_do</code> algorithm</h1>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
This directory has examples of the <code>parallel_do</code> algorithm.
|
||||
</p>
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||||
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<div class="changes">
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||||
<div class="h3-alike">Directories</div>
|
||||
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked">
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||||
<div class="show-hide">
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||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><a href="parallel_preorder/readme.html">parallel_preorder</a>
|
||||
<dd>Parallel preorder traversal of a graph.
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="../index.html">Up to parent directory</a>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
<div class="changes">
|
||||
<div class="h3-alike">Legal Information:</div>
|
||||
<input type="checkbox">
|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
|
||||
<br>* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
|
||||
<br>© 2020, Intel Corporation
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
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|
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@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
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/*
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include <cstdlib>
|
||||
#include "Graph.h"
|
||||
#include <iostream>
|
||||
|
||||
using namespace std;
|
||||
|
||||
Cell::Cell(const Cell& other)
|
||||
: op( other.op )
|
||||
, value( other.value )
|
||||
, successor( other.successor )
|
||||
{
|
||||
ref_count = other.ref_count.load();
|
||||
|
||||
input[0] = other.input[0];
|
||||
input[1] = other.input[1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void Graph::create_random_dag( size_t number_of_nodes ) {
|
||||
my_vertex_set.resize(number_of_nodes);
|
||||
for( size_t k=0; k<number_of_nodes; ++k ) {
|
||||
Cell& c = my_vertex_set[k];
|
||||
int op = int((rand()>>8)%5u);
|
||||
if( op>int(k) ) op = int(k);
|
||||
switch( op ) {
|
||||
default:
|
||||
c.op = OP_VALUE;
|
||||
c.value = Cell::value_type((float)k);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 1:
|
||||
c.op = OP_NEGATE;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 2:
|
||||
c.op = OP_SUB;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 3:
|
||||
c.op = OP_ADD;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 4:
|
||||
c.op = OP_MUL;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<ArityOfOp[c.op]; ++j ) {
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||||
Cell& input = my_vertex_set[rand()%k];
|
||||
c.input[j] = &input;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void Graph::print() {
|
||||
for( size_t k=0; k<my_vertex_set.size(); ++k ) {
|
||||
std::cout<<"Cell "<<k<<":";
|
||||
for( size_t j=0; j<my_vertex_set[k].successor.size(); ++j )
|
||||
std::cout<<" "<<int(my_vertex_set[k].successor[j] - &my_vertex_set[0]);
|
||||
std::cout<<std::endl;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void Graph::get_root_set( vector<Cell*>& root_set ) {
|
||||
for( size_t k=0; k<my_vertex_set.size(); ++k ) {
|
||||
my_vertex_set[k].successor.clear();
|
||||
}
|
||||
root_set.clear();
|
||||
for( size_t k=0; k<my_vertex_set.size(); ++k ) {
|
||||
Cell& c = my_vertex_set[k];
|
||||
c.ref_count = ArityOfOp[c.op];
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<ArityOfOp[c.op]; ++j ) {
|
||||
c.input[j]->successor.push_back(&c);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if( ArityOfOp[c.op]==0 )
|
||||
root_set.push_back(&my_vertex_set[k]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void Cell::update() {
|
||||
switch( op ) {
|
||||
case OP_VALUE:
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case OP_NEGATE:
|
||||
value = -(input[0]->value);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case OP_ADD:
|
||||
value = input[0]->value + input[1]->value;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case OP_SUB:
|
||||
value = input[0]->value - input[1]->value;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case OP_MUL:
|
||||
value = input[0]->value * input[1]->value;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "Matrix.h"
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
#include <atomic>
|
||||
|
||||
enum OpKind {
|
||||
// Use Cell's value
|
||||
OP_VALUE,
|
||||
// Unary negation
|
||||
OP_NEGATE,
|
||||
// Addition
|
||||
OP_ADD,
|
||||
// Subtraction
|
||||
OP_SUB,
|
||||
// Multiplication
|
||||
OP_MUL
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
static const int ArityOfOp[] = {0,1,2,2,2};
|
||||
|
||||
class Cell {
|
||||
public:
|
||||
//! Operation for this cell
|
||||
OpKind op;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Inputs to this cell
|
||||
Cell* input[2];
|
||||
|
||||
//! Type of value stored in a Cell
|
||||
typedef Matrix value_type;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Value associated with this Cell
|
||||
value_type value;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Set of cells that use this Cell as an input
|
||||
std::vector<Cell*> successor;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Reference count of number of inputs that are not yet updated.
|
||||
std::atomic<int> ref_count;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Update the Cell's value.
|
||||
void update();
|
||||
|
||||
//! Default constructor
|
||||
Cell() {}
|
||||
|
||||
//! Copy constructor
|
||||
Cell(const Cell& other);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
//! A directed graph where the vertices are Cells.
|
||||
class Graph {
|
||||
std::vector<Cell> my_vertex_set;
|
||||
public:
|
||||
//! Create a random acyclic directed graph
|
||||
void create_random_dag( size_t number_of_nodes );
|
||||
|
||||
//! Print the graph
|
||||
void print();
|
||||
|
||||
//! Get set of cells that have no inputs.
|
||||
void get_root_set( std::vector<Cell*>& root_set );
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
# Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
#
|
||||
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
# limitations under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
# Common Makefile that builds and runs example.
|
||||
|
||||
# Just specify your program basename
|
||||
PROG=Parallel_Preorder
|
||||
ARGS=
|
||||
PERF_RUN_ARGS=auto silent 500000 100
|
||||
LIGHT_ARGS=1:auto:+4 n-of-traversals=50
|
||||
|
||||
# Trying to find if icl.exe is set
|
||||
CXX1 = $(TBB_CXX)-
|
||||
CXX2 = $(CXX1:icl.exe-=icl.exe)
|
||||
CXX = $(CXX2:-=cl.exe)
|
||||
|
||||
# The C++ compiler options
|
||||
MYCXXFLAGS = /TP /EHsc /W3 /nologo /D _CONSOLE /D _MBCS /D WIN32 /D _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE $(CXXFLAGS)
|
||||
MYLDFLAGS =/INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO /DEBUG /FIXED:NO $(LDFLAGS)
|
||||
|
||||
all: release test
|
||||
release: compiler_check
|
||||
$(CXX) *.cpp /MD /O2 /D NDEBUG $(MYCXXFLAGS) /link tbb.lib $(LIBS) $(MYLDFLAGS) /OUT:$(PROG).exe
|
||||
debug: compiler_check
|
||||
$(CXX) *.cpp /MDd /Od /Zi /D TBB_USE_DEBUG /D _DEBUG $(MYCXXFLAGS) /link tbb_debug.lib $(LIBS) $(MYLDFLAGS) /OUT:$(PROG).exe
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
@cmd.exe /C del $(PROG).exe *.obj *.?db *.manifest
|
||||
test:
|
||||
$(PROG) $(ARGS)
|
||||
light_test:
|
||||
$(PROG) $(LIGHT_ARGS)
|
||||
compiler_check:
|
||||
@echo compiler_test>compiler_test && @$(CXX) /E compiler_test >nul 2>&1 || echo "$(CXX) command not found. Check if CXX=$(CXX) is set properly"
|
||||
@cmd.exe /C del compiler_test
|
||||
|
||||
perf_build: release
|
||||
|
||||
perf_run:
|
||||
$(PROG) $(PERF_RUN_ARGS)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
class Matrix {
|
||||
static const int n = 20;
|
||||
float array[n][n];
|
||||
public:
|
||||
Matrix() {}
|
||||
Matrix( float z ) {
|
||||
for( int i=0; i<n; ++i )
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<n; ++j )
|
||||
array[i][j] = i==j ? z : 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
friend Matrix operator-( const Matrix& x ) {
|
||||
Matrix result;
|
||||
for( int i=0; i<n; ++i )
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<n; ++j )
|
||||
result.array[i][j] = -x.array[i][j];
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
friend Matrix operator+( const Matrix& x, const Matrix& y ) {
|
||||
Matrix result;
|
||||
for( int i=0; i<n; ++i )
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<n; ++j )
|
||||
result.array[i][j] = x.array[i][j] + y.array[i][j];
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
friend Matrix operator-( const Matrix& x, const Matrix& y ) {
|
||||
Matrix result;
|
||||
for( int i=0; i<n; ++i )
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<n; ++j )
|
||||
result.array[i][j] = x.array[i][j] - y.array[i][j];
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
friend Matrix operator*( const Matrix& x, const Matrix& y ) {
|
||||
Matrix result(0);
|
||||
for( int i=0; i<n; ++i )
|
||||
for( int k=0; k<n; ++k )
|
||||
for( int j=0; j<n; ++j )
|
||||
result.array[i][j] += x.array[i][k] * y.array[k][j];
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* Example program that shows how to use parallel_do to do parallel preorder
|
||||
traversal of a directed acyclic graph. */
|
||||
|
||||
#include <cstdlib>
|
||||
#include "tbb/tick_count.h"
|
||||
#include "tbb/global_control.h"
|
||||
#include "../../common/utility/utility.h"
|
||||
#include "../../common/utility/get_default_num_threads.h"
|
||||
#include <iostream>
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
#include "Graph.h"
|
||||
|
||||
// some forward declarations
|
||||
class Cell;
|
||||
void ParallelPreorderTraversal( const std::vector<Cell*>& root_set );
|
||||
|
||||
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
// Test driver
|
||||
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
static unsigned nodes = 1000;
|
||||
static unsigned traversals = 500;
|
||||
static bool SilentFlag = false;
|
||||
|
||||
//! Parse the command line.
|
||||
static void ParseCommandLine( int argc, const char* argv[], utility::thread_number_range& threads ) {
|
||||
utility::parse_cli_arguments(
|
||||
argc,argv,
|
||||
utility::cli_argument_pack()
|
||||
//"-h" option for displaying help is present implicitly
|
||||
.positional_arg(threads,"n-of-threads",utility::thread_number_range_desc)
|
||||
.positional_arg(nodes,"n-of-nodes","number of nodes in the graph.")
|
||||
.positional_arg(traversals,"n-of-traversals","number of times to evaluate the graph. Reduce it (e.g. to 100) to shorten example run time\n")
|
||||
.arg(SilentFlag,"silent","no output except elapsed time ")
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
int main( int argc, const char* argv[] ) {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
utility::thread_number_range threads(utility::get_default_num_threads);
|
||||
tbb::tick_count main_start = tbb::tick_count::now();
|
||||
ParseCommandLine(argc,argv,threads);
|
||||
|
||||
// Start scheduler with given number of threads.
|
||||
for( int p=threads.first; p<=threads.last; p = threads.step(p) ) {
|
||||
tbb::tick_count t0 = tbb::tick_count::now();
|
||||
tbb::global_control c(tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism, p);
|
||||
srand(2);
|
||||
size_t root_set_size = 0;
|
||||
{
|
||||
Graph g;
|
||||
g.create_random_dag(nodes);
|
||||
std::vector<Cell*> root_set;
|
||||
g.get_root_set(root_set);
|
||||
root_set_size = root_set.size();
|
||||
for( unsigned int trial=0; trial<traversals; ++trial ) {
|
||||
ParallelPreorderTraversal(root_set);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
tbb::tick_count::interval_t interval = tbb::tick_count::now()-t0;
|
||||
if (!SilentFlag){
|
||||
std::cout
|
||||
<<interval.seconds()<<" seconds using "<<p<<" threads ("<<root_set_size<<" nodes in root_set)\n";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
utility::report_elapsed_time((tbb::tick_count::now()-main_start).seconds());
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}catch(std::exception& e){
|
||||
std::cerr
|
||||
<< "unexpected error occurred. \n"
|
||||
<< "error description: "<<e.what()<<std::endl;
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Intel Corporation
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "tbb/parallel_do.h"
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
#include <algorithm>
|
||||
#include "Graph.h"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Body {
|
||||
public:
|
||||
Body() {};
|
||||
|
||||
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
// Following signatures are required by parallel_do
|
||||
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
typedef Cell* argument_type;
|
||||
|
||||
void operator()( Cell* c, tbb::parallel_do_feeder<Cell*>& feeder ) const {
|
||||
c->update();
|
||||
// Restore ref_count in preparation for subsequent traversal.
|
||||
c->ref_count = ArityOfOp[c->op];
|
||||
for( size_t k=0; k<c->successor.size(); ++k ) {
|
||||
Cell* successor = c->successor[k];
|
||||
// ref_count is used for inter-task synchronization.
|
||||
// Correctness checking tools might not take this into account, and report
|
||||
// data races between different tasks, that are actually synchronized.
|
||||
if( 0 == --(successor->ref_count) ) {
|
||||
feeder.add( successor );
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
void ParallelPreorderTraversal( const std::vector<Cell*>& root_set ) {
|
||||
tbb::parallel_do(root_set.begin(), root_set.end(),Body());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns:mso="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:msdt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
::selection {
|
||||
background: #b7ffb7;
|
||||
}
|
||||
::-moz-selection {
|
||||
background: #b7ffb7;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
body {
|
||||
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
|
||||
font-size: 16px;
|
||||
width: 800px;
|
||||
margin: 0 auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
#banner {
|
||||
/* Div for banner */
|
||||
float:left;
|
||||
margin: 0px;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
background-color: #0071C5;
|
||||
z-index: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
#banner .logo {
|
||||
/* Apply to logo in banner. Add as class to image tag. */
|
||||
float: left;
|
||||
margin-right: 20px;
|
||||
margin-left: 20px;
|
||||
margin-top: 15px;
|
||||
padding-bottom: 5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
h1 {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
font-size: 36px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
h1.title {
|
||||
/* Add as class to H1 in banner */
|
||||
font-family: "Intel Clear", Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
font-weight:normal;
|
||||
color: #FFFFFF;
|
||||
font-size: 170%;
|
||||
margin-right: 40px;
|
||||
margin-left: 40px;
|
||||
padding-right: 20px;
|
||||
text-indent: 20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.h3-alike {
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
font-size: 1.17em;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
color: #0071C5;
|
||||
}
|
||||
h3 {
|
||||
font-size: 1.17em;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
color: #0071C5;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.h4-alike {
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
font-size: 1.05em;
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
}
|
||||
pre {
|
||||
font-family: "Consolas", Monaco, monospace;
|
||||
font-size:small;
|
||||
background: #fafafa;
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding-left:20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
#footer {
|
||||
font-size: small;
|
||||
}
|
||||
code {
|
||||
font-family: "Consolas", Monaco, monospace;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.code-block
|
||||
{
|
||||
padding-left:20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes {
|
||||
margin: 1em 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes input:active {
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
top: 1px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes input:hover:after {
|
||||
padding-left: 16px;
|
||||
font-size: 10px;
|
||||
content: 'More';
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes input:checked:hover:after {
|
||||
content: 'Less';
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes input + .show-hide {
|
||||
display: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.changes input:checked + .show-hide {
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ul {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
padding: 0.5em 0 0.5em 2.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
ul li {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 3px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
ul li:last-child {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.disc {
|
||||
list-style-type:disc
|
||||
}
|
||||
.circ {
|
||||
list-style-type:circle
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.single {
|
||||
padding: 0 0.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
|
||||
/* Table styles */
|
||||
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|
||||
<h1 class="title">Intel® Threading Building Blocks.<br>Parallel_preorder sample</h1>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Example that uses parallel_do to do parallel preorder traversal of a sparse graph.
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
Each vertex in the graph is called a "cell".
|
||||
Each cell has a value.
|
||||
The value is a matrix.
|
||||
Some of the cells have operators
|
||||
that compute the cell's value, using other cell's values as input.
|
||||
A cell that uses the value of cell x is called a successor of x.
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
The algorithm works as follows.
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li> Compute the set of cells that have no inputs. This set is called <tt>root_set</tt>.
|
||||
<li> Each cell has an associated field <tt>ref_count</tt> that is an atomic integer.
|
||||
Initialize <tt>ref_count</tt> to the number of inputs for the Cell.
|
||||
<li> Update each cell in <tt>root_set</tt>, by applying a <tt>parallel_do</tt> to a <tt>root_set</tt>
|
||||
<li> After updating a cell, for each of its successors
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li> Atomically decrement the successor's <tt>ref_count</tt>
|
||||
<li> If the count became zero, add the cell to the set of cells to be updated,
|
||||
by calling <tt>parallel_do_feeder_impl::add</tt>.
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
The times printed are for the traversal and update,
|
||||
and do not include time for computing the root_set.
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
The example is using custom synchronization via <tt>ref_count</tt> atomic variable.
|
||||
Correctness checking tools might not take this into account, and report data races
|
||||
between different tasks that are actually synchronized.
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
<b>Note:</b> It is important to understand that this example is unlikely to show speedup
|
||||
if the cell values are changed to type "float". The reason is twofold.
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li> The smaller value type causes each Cell to be significantly smaller than a cache line,
|
||||
which leads to false sharing conflicts.
|
||||
<li> The time to update the cells becomes very small, and consequently the overhead of
|
||||
parallel_do swamps the useful work.
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="changes">
|
||||
<div class="h3-alike">System Requirements</div>
|
||||
<input type="checkbox">
|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
For the most up to date system requirements, see the <a href="http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-threading-building-blocks-release-notes">release notes.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="h3-alike">Files</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><a href="main.cpp">main.cpp</a>
|
||||
<dd>Main program which parses command line options and runs the algorithm with different numbers of threads.
|
||||
<dt><a href="parallel_preorder.cpp">parallel_preorder.cpp</a>
|
||||
<dd>Implementation of the parallel preorder traversal algorithm.
|
||||
<dt><a href="Graph.h">Graph.h</a>
|
||||
<dd>Interfaces of the Graph and Cell classes.
|
||||
<dt><a href="Graph.cpp">Graph.cpp</a>
|
||||
<dd>Implementations of the Graph and Cell classes.
|
||||
<dt><a href="Matrix.h">Matrix.h</a>
|
||||
<dd>The Matrix class definition.
|
||||
<dt><a href="Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
||||
<dd>Makefile for building the example.
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="h3-alike">Directories</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><a href="msvs/">msvs</a>
|
||||
<dd>Contains Microsoft* Visual Studio* workspace for building and running the example (Windows* systems only).
|
||||
<dt><a href="xcode/">xcode</a>
|
||||
<dd>Contains Xcode* IDE workspace for building and running the example (macOS* systems only).
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
<p>For information about the minimum supported version of IDE, see <a href="http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-threading-building-blocks-release-notes">release notes.</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
<div class="h3-alike">Build instructions</div>
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
<div class="h3-alike">Usage</div>
|
||||
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked">
|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt><tt>parallel_preorder <i>-h</i></tt>
|
||||
<dd>Prints the help for command line options
|
||||
<dt><tt>parallel_preorder [<i>n-of-threads</i>=value] [<i>n-of-nodes</i>=value] [<i>n-of-traversals</i>=value] [<i>silent</i>] </tt>
|
||||
<dt><tt>parallel_preorder [<i>n-of-threads</i> [<i>n-of-nodes</i> [<i>n-of-traversals</i>]]] [<i>silent</i>] </tt>
|
||||
<dd><i>n-of-threads</i> is the number of threads to use; a range of the form <i>low</i>[:<i>high</i>], where low and optional high are non-negative integers or 'auto' for a platform-specific default number.<br>
|
||||
<i>n-of-nodes</i> is a number of nodes in the graph. Default value is 1000.<br>
|
||||
<i>n-of-traversals</i> is the number of times to evaluate the graph. Default value is 500.<br>
|
||||
<i>silent</i> - no output except elapsed time.<br>
|
||||
<dt>To run a short version of this example, e.g., for use with Intel® Parallel Inspector:
|
||||
<dd>Build a <i>debug</i> version of the example
|
||||
(see the <a href="../../index.html">build instructions</a>).
|
||||
<br>Run it with the desired number of threads and smaller number of traversals, e.g., <tt>parallel_preorder 4 1000 5</tt>.
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="../index.html">Up to parent directory</a>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
<div class="changes">
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||||
<div class="h3-alike">Legal Information</div>
|
||||
<input type="checkbox">
|
||||
<div class="show-hide">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
|
||||
<br>* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
|
||||
<br>© 2020, Intel Corporation
|
||||
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|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
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||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user